EK
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), 2006 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | products that may be aerosolized (airborne) | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| show more | ||
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Classified as skin irritant | National Library of Medicine HazMap | |
| show more | ||
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | RTECS®– Kaibogaku Zasshi 1962 | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®– Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement 1981 | |
| show more | ||
Violations, Restrictions & Warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations – Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments |
Endocrine disruption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®– Toxic Substance Mechanisms 1995 |
Neurotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show brain and nervous system effects at high doses | RTECS®– Journal of Pediatrics 1978 | |
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Enhanced skin absorption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Penetration enhancer | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status | |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Safety assessment was based on related chemical | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| 1,195 studies on toxicity in PubMed see search results -> |
Systemic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol.
Lowther A, McCormick T, Nedorost S.
University Hospitals Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.–A 39-year-old woman presented with pruritic eczematous plaques on her face, neck, and right hand that she had had for approximately 2 months, following an abrasive injury caused by the deployment of an airbag in a car accident. Results of patch testing were positive for several medicaments and propylene glycol (PG). The patient’s condition cleared after discontinuation of all topical products containing PG and her other identified allergens, but she noted flares of her contact dermatitis following the ingestion of foods containing PG. A subset of patients will have a recurrence of dermatitis after the ingestion of a contact sensitizer. Recurrent dermatitis despite complete avoidance of identified topical allergens and a history of recurrent eczema at the patch-test site are clues to the diagnosis of systemic contact dermatitis. Even weak patch reactions to PG, if they persist to a day-7 reading, should be considered potentially relevant. Avoidance of dietary PG includes attention to labels on food and medication and the avoidance of certain foods in restaurants when ingredients cannot be verified.
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of skin and immune system toxicity | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), 2006 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Limited evidence of respiratory toxicity | products that may be aerosolized (airborne) | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 |
| show more | ||
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Classified as skin irritant | National Library of Medicine HazMap | |
| show more | ||
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | RTECS®– Kaibogaku Zasshi 1962 | |
| show more | ||
Cancer
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results | RTECS®– Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement 1981 | |
| show more | ||
Violations, Restrictions & Warnings
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations – Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments |
Endocrine disruption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| One or more animal studies show endocrine system disruption at high doses | RTECS®– Toxic Substance Mechanisms 1995 |
Neurotoxicity
Enhanced skin absorption
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Penetration enhancer | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Food Additive Status | |
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Data gaps
| type of concern | product conditions | reference |
| Safety assessment was based on related chemical | Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | |
| 1,195 studies on toxicity in PubMed see search results -> | PubMed |
Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
| government/industry list/academic study | appears on list as | classification(s) |
| FDA Food Additive Status | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • miscellaneous • Substances generally recognized as safe in foods but limited in standardized foods where the standard provides for its use – CFR184.1666 • refers to part number under Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations 169 (169.175; 169.176; 169.177; 169.178; 169.180; 169.181) • Vanilla Extract • Carrier for enzyme modified soy protein • refers to part number under Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations 582.1666 – In animal feeds |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | •Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications •Determined safe for use in cosmetics up to a specified concentration limit •Penetration enhancer – alters skin structure, allows other chemicals to penetrate deeper into the skin •Safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) is based on safety or product use data for a different, related ingredient |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | •Skin Sensitizer – An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes; •Lacrimator – A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears: Yes; |
| NTP – Risks to Human Reproduction | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | REPRO: Negligible concern || DEVELOPMENT: Negligible concern |
| CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), 2006 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | Propylene glycol was found to provoke allergic reactions in patients with eczema and other skin allergies. |
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • Respiratory Toxicity Hazards: suspected |
| RTECS®– “Cutaneous Toxicity, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference, 1976,” Drill, V 1977 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • skin – Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®– “Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky,” Marhold, J 1986 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • sense organ – Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • brain and nervous system – Ataxia (rat LD50) • respiratory – Respiratory depression (rat LD50) • brain and nervous system – Tetany (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • brain and nervous system – Ataxia (rabbit LDLo) • respiratory – Respiratory depression (rabbit LDLo) • brain and nervous system – Tetany (rabbit LDLo) |
| RTECS®– Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement 1981 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mouse scu) • mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse scu) |
| RTECS®– Arzneimittel-Forschung 1976 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®– FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1974 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50) |
| RTECS®– Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1947 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • kidney or renal system – Changes in both tubules and glomeruli (mouse LD50) • blood – Changes in spleen (mouse LD50) • respiratory – Chronic pulmonary edema (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • sense organ – Primary eye irritant (rabbit ) |
| RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr) |
| RTECS®– Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974 17JUN1974 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 1941 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (guinea pig LD50) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1970 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • skin – Primary skin irritant ( human ) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pediatrics 1978 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • brain and nervous system – General anesthetic (child TDLo) • brain and nervous system – Changes in surface EEG (child TDLo) • brain and nervous system – Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold (child TDLo) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1932 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • brain and nervous system – Coma (rabbit LDLo) • respiratory – Respiratory stimulation (rabbit LDLo) • brain and nervous system – Somnolence (general depressed activity) (rabbit LDLo) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1937 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • cardiovascular – Other changes (chicken LDLo) |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1939 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®– Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2000 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • skin – Primary skin irritant (child ) |
| RTECS®– Kaibogaku Zasshi 1962 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • reproductive – Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo) • reproductive – Post-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo) |
| RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • brain and nervous system – Changes in motor activity (specific assay) (mouse LD50) • respiratory – Cyanosis (mouse LD50) • brain and nervous system – Muscle contraction or spasticity (mouse LD50) |
| RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
| RTECS®– National Technical Information Service | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50) |
| RTECS®– Pediatrics 1983 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • metabolic – Other changes (infant TDLo) |
| RTECS®– Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol 1974 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50) |
| RTECS®– Toxic Substance Mechanisms 1995 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • endocrine system – Hyperglycemia (rat TDLo) • biochemical – Phosphatases (rat TDLo) • biochemical – Transaminases (rat TDLo) |
| RTECS®– Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1978 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL | • broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50) |
references
| government/industry list/academic study | reference |
| FDA Food Additive Status | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006. |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. |
| FDA Everything Added to Food | FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2006. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. |
| National Library of Medicine HazMap | NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents. |
| NTP – Risks to Human Reproduction | NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2006. NTP Center for the Evaluation fo Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). NTP-CERHR Reports and Monographs. |
| Open scientific literature | CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC. |
| Scorecard.org Toxicity Information | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Minimal risk Levels for Hazardous Substances. January 2004. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls.html, 2004 |
| RTECS®– “Cutaneous Toxicity, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference, 1976,” Drill, V 1977 | RTECS®– “Cutaneous Toxicity, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference, 1976,” Drill, V.A., and P. Lazar, eds., New York, Academic Press, Inc. 1977 -,127,1977 |
| RTECS®– “Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky,” Marhold, J 1986 | RTECS®– “Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky,” Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 -,206,1986 |
| RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984 | RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia”. (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994 -,149,1984 |
| RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984 | RTECS®– “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia”. (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994 -,150,1984 |
| RTECS®– Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement 1981 | RTECS®– Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement. (Copenhagen, Denmark) No.210-274, 1970-81. For publisher information, see ACPADQ. 274,304,1981 |
| RTECS®– Arzneimittel-Forschung 1976 | RTECS®– Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- 26,1581,1976 |
| RTECS®– FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1974 | RTECS®– FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. (Rome, Italy) No.?-57, 1948-77. Discontinued. 53A,491,1974 |
| RTECS®– Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1947 | RTECS®– Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. 6,342,1947 |
| RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982 | RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 20,573,1982 |
| RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984 | RTECS®– Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- 22,623,1984 |
| RTECS®– Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974 17JUN1974 | RTECS®– Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974 17JUN1974 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 1941 | RTECS®– Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. 23,259,1941 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1970 | RTECS®– Journal of Investigative Dermatology. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1938- 55,190,1970 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pediatrics 1978 | RTECS®– Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- 93,515,1978 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1932 | RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- 44,109,1932 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1937 | RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- 60,312,1937 |
| RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1939 | RTECS®– Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- 65,89,1939 |
| RTECS®– Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2000 | RTECS®– Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979- 42,355,2000 |
| RTECS®– Kaibogaku Zasshi 1962 | RTECS®– Kaibogaku Zasshi. Journal of Anatomy. (Nippon Kaibo Gakkai, c/o Tokyo Daigaku Igakubu, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1928- 37,239,1962 |
| RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981 | RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. (Izdatel’stvo Naukova Dumka, Kiev, USSR) No.1- 1975- 8,46,1981 |
| RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981 | RTECS®– Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. (Izdatel’stvo Naukova Dumka, Kiev, USSR) No.1- 1975- 9,36,1981 |
| RTECS®– National Technical Information Service | RTECS®– National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. PB280-477 |
| RTECS®– Pediatrics 1983 | RTECS®– Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034, Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- 72,353,1983 |
| RTECS®– Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol 1974 | RTECS®– Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. (National Assoc. of Printing Ink Research Institute, Francis McDonald Sinclair Memorial Laboratory, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA 18015) 1,101,1974 |
| RTECS®– Toxic Substance Mechanisms 1995 | RTECS®– Toxic Substance Mechanisms. (Taylor & Francis, 1900 Frost Rd., Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007) V.14- 1995- 14,13,1995 |
| RTECS®– Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1978 | RTECS®– Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- 45,362,1978 |
Diet Of Whipping Cream, Butter, Oil Can Help Control Epileptic Seizures In Many Children
ScienceDaily (Apr. 8, 2009) — A new study by researchers at The Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin has shown that the highly regimented ketogenic diet, a high-fat nutritional therapy used to limit seizures, requires long-term medical management and strong parental commitment to achieve both sufficient nutrition and improved seizure control in children.—The study, by Mary L. Zupanc, M.D., professor of pediatrics and medical director of the pediatric epilepsy program, and Beth Zupec-Kania, R.D., C.D., appeared in the Nov. 4, 2008, issue of Epilepsia. Their approach to the diet includes a thorough diet history and metabolic assessment of the child, long-term seizure, nutrition, and medical monitoring, and vitamin/mineral supplementation.—“This diet cannot be tried by parents without close medical management and follow-up,” cautions Dr. Zupanc. “It requires careful metabolic monitoring and precise supplementation of missing nutrients.”–Their approach has been effective, as seen in an as yet unpublished study of 43 patients at Children’s Hospital, between the ages of twelve months and 15 years. Of these children who started on the ketogenic diet between 2002 and 2006, half had a greater than 90 percent reduction in seizure frequency. The majority of the children who responded to the diet had either a severe form of childhood epilepsy called Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or symptomatic generalized epilepsy. Their brain activity, as measured by electro encephalograms also improved significantly, paralleling the dramatic changes in seizure control. “Lack of compliance or of consistent medical monitoring can lead to poor growth, impaired nutrition and seizure recurrence,” says Dr. Zupanc. “There has to be careful monitoring and consistent communication between the dietitian and the physician managing the diet. Metabolic screening should be performed after the first month and every three months afterward. The family should keep a detailed seizure diary. Growth and weight parameters require ongoing monitoring, as do side effects such as lethargy or nausea, which may indicate a hidden metabolic defect.”–The carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diet also requires strong parental support, according to Zupec-Kania. “Fat comprises between 80 and 90 percent of the diet’s calories and is provided by foods such as whipping cream, butter and seed oils. The remaining calories are allocated to essential protein requirements from meat and fish, and secondarily to low-carbohydrate vegetables and fruit,” she says. “The elimination of carbohydrate-rich foods such as simple sugars, bread, pasta, cereals grains and milk makes this diet difficult for many patients to follow.”ATKINS DIET–While the mechanism of seizure control by the ketogenic diet is not fully understood, the diet forces the body to accumulate large amounts of compounds such as acetone and acetoacidic acid, ( Vinegar or Yogurt ) produced by the oxidation of fatty acids. The diet also restricts the intake of micronutrients such as vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous, which may already be low in those on long-term anti-epileptic drug therapy.—-Adapted from materials provided by Medical College of Wisconsin, via Newswise
Recipe —Immune enhancer with Garlic –Iodine –and Vinegar—Take 1 whole bulb of garlic—peel and load into a blender—then add 2 cups of vinegar 6 drops of lugols iodine and then blend til the mix is totally liquified—5-8 minutes—strain and use 1 tsp increments daily to alleviate circulatory issues—digestion—thyroid—lung—brain—arteries—liver—antiparacitical—antiviral—increases uptake of calcium and magnesium in the colon—increases fat conversion into energy—anti estrogen—arsenic remover—protects against cancer—protects chromosomes—anti mucous—antiaging