EK
Trilateral Cooperation Charter
Between
The Health Products and Food Branch,
Health Canada
Canada,
The Food and Drug Administration,
Department of Health and Human Services
The United States of America,
and
The Federal Commission for the Protection from
Sanitary Risks,
Secretaria de Salud
Mexico
APPENDIX C: KEY PRIORITIES
FOR 2004
Steering Committee
Complete Charter and Information Sharing Agreement for signature by Heads of Delegation
MUCH
Enforcement Action on Fraudulent weight loss products[U1]
Explore a web-based site to gather information from fraud cases on [U2]one site
Develop criteria for selecting health fraud cases[U3]
CUMCIG
Emergency Response and Preparedness:
Activities based on preventing and managing risk for public health protection[U4]
Emergency preparedness and response activities are aligned with countries’ priorities of public health protection
Share response plans among the three countries
Conduct another more detailed exercise (Canada will host)[U5]
Update emergency contacts electronically (FDA to coordinate)
Share organizational structures, including laboratories
Extend exercise to broader membership[U6]
Consider contingency plans for alternative communication mechanisms
Explore the potential for sharing classified information
Laboratory Cooperation
Enter data in eLEXNET and create respective reports[U7]
“Play with the system” to become acquainted
Further explore an exercise with the salmonella test
Revisit priorities and purpose of this group: develop concrete priorities and an action plan for consideration by Heads of Delegation within six months
Training Working Group
Organize and deliver a pre-trilateral seminar for 2004
Develop a process for vetting training requests
Establish as an activity of the training Working Group, a mechanism to exchange a list of the courses that each country offers, related to the topics of Trilateral Cooperation by December 2003
Heads of Delegation
” A” LIST (High-Priority Areas):
GMPs[U8]
Health claims
Cross border safety issues (e.g., internet fraud, counterfeits, and unsafe medical products/practices, including wholesale drugs)
Harmonization of new laboratory methods and validation of new agents
“B” LIST:
Harmonized inspection systems
Import/export risk management
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising
Emerging science issues [U9]
1Health Canada and the CFIA share unique and complementary roles and responsibilities. Health Canada is responsible for food safety and nutrition policies, standards and regulations, including related labeling issues, while the CFIA is responsible for food inspection and compliance activities, as well as the development of regulations and policies related to other food labeling and compositional standards
What can be done—to first thing is being forwarned—the second thing is to get yourself ready with the knowledge and the use of things that really work—third —if you think you have someone in public office that is not coerced or feels threatened about there position then contact them and make an effort to support them while they lobby for you as a citizen—if you feel it is a waste of time then I would immediately form networks with people and get a database exchange going on how to…. In everything….. and become as self sufficient as you can or as sufficient as possible with the network you are associating with and start making the changes locally first off by growing your own things and then growing herbs oand foods that heal and become acquainted with those things—Utilize Raw Milk and Egg products and start a campaign to win back the farms—if not then start your own aquaponic or hydroponic or indoor Garden and again learn how to utilize your home as a Herbacopia
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No groceries for a year– How one family saved money, lost weight, and lived well
“A spider bit the goat, so we didn’t have dairy for a month,” says Rachel Hoff describing one of the misadventures that occurred during her family’s year without groceries. As for bread, she, her husband Tom Ferguson, and teenage son, Tom, Jr., had to do without when the both the oven and the bread machine went kaput in the same week. Despite occasional mishaps and deprivations, Hoff describes the experience, which she documented in her blog A year without groceries, as “surprisingly easy.” And, as of October 1 st , the family is sticking with the challenge for another year. —-Although they already grew some fruits and vegetables and raised chickens, rabbits, three turkeys, and four goats on their quarter-acre lot in the city of Vallejo, California, their initial goal was not to try to be self-sufficient. In fact, they barely had any of their own crops ready to harvest for the first six and a half months of the project. Concerned about pesticides on conventional produce and chemicals in processed and packaged foods, they mainly wanted to eat healthy and know where their food was coming from. Hoff points out that even “mom and pop sounding companies” such as Ben and Jerry’s, Stonyfield Farms, and Walnut Acres are now owned by huge corporations.–
Over the course of the year, the family reaped more benefits than they had expected. They saved at least $2,000 dollars on groceries despite the fact that everything they were eating was either locally grown or organic. They saved even more money by avoiding restaurants. Purchasing and freezing an eighth of a steer from a local farm lowered the price of grass-fed, organic beef to $2/per pound and a loaf of fresh bread cost them 50 cents to bake. Eating higher quality food paid off health-wise. Both Hoff and Ferguson avoided colds all year and felt more energized. Hoff lost 20 pounds “without counting calories.” —Hoff describes the economically depressed downtown area of Vallejo as a “food desert” — lacking a supermarket and with little access to organic or local goods. The foodie mecca of San Francisco lies 30 miles south, but both Hoff and Ferguson work full-time and neither had the inclination to spend all of their free time grocery shopping. After reading the book No Impact Man, which chronicles a New York City family’s effort to live sustainably, including giving up processed foods, for a year, they thought, “If they can do it in an apartment in New York City, we can certainly do it here.”–In August 2010, Hoff and Ferguson started preparing for their year without groceries, which would begin in October. Aside from planning all the family’s meals around seasonal produce, the most challenging aspect of the project was the research phase and figuring out where they could obtain certain items such as milk, says Hoff. They were allowed to purchase produce, meat, and dairy from the weekly farmer’s market and directly from farms. For staples such as sugar, rice and flour, Hoff located a local woman who had set up a buying club in her garage where members pooled resources to buy organic food in bulk directly from the source. They were also allowed to barter and trade.–They were not allowed to buy food at regular grocery stores, supermarkets, or convenience stores or eat at restaurants. The first weekend without groceries, with the help of a 30-minute mozzarella kit purchased online, Hoff was able to deliver on her promise of serving lasagna for her son’s thirteenth birthday. Hoff says he still likes eating junk food and soft drinks (at friend’s houses), but the he thinks the project is “pretty cool” and talks about it in class. To make it easier to adjust, they designated Fridays as pizza night.–The first six months were so easy, that the family decided to up the ante, and for the last three months they could eat only what they already had on hand, could produce on their urban farm, or barter.–Hoff doesn’t recommend trying go without buying food at all and admits that after a couple of months, “I was close being fed up.” Their fruit trees didn’t produce and they were stuck with eating zucchini, green beans, and cucumbers for weeks on end. Ferguson became sick of the limited choices but tried to focus on “the bigger picture of what they had accomplished over the year.” Hoff, on the other hand, posted on the blog, “I’m so over not buying food.” When I spoke with them the day after their project ended, they had just returned from their first trip to the farmer’s market and were happily cooking up a feast of pork with potatoes and corn.—For Hoff, the best thing about the project was that it “brought us closer together. We’ve become a team and work together really well.” She also loves grabbing food for dinner right out of the garden and says, “Shopping doesn’t feel like a chore any more.” Their friends and family claim they could never do it, but she insists that, “you don’t have to have an urban farm to eliminate the grocery store from your vocabulary.”–Hoff advises people to make the transition gradually and to try to replace one item at a time, such as pickles or bread, with something homemade. The blog offers tips on how to get started.
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New Study Finds 400,000 Farmers in Southern Africa Using ‘Fertilizer Trees’ to Improve Food Security
ScienceDaily (Oct. 14, 2011) — On a continent battered by weather extremes, famine and record food prices, new research released October 14 from the World Agroforestry Centre documents an exciting new trend in which hundreds of thousands of poor farmers in Southern Africa are now significantly boosting yields and incomes simply by using fast growing trees and shrubs to naturally fertilize their fields.—The analysis of two decades of work to bring the soil-enriching benefits of so-called “fertilizer trees” to the nutrient-depleted farms of Africa was published in the most recent issue of the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability.—“In only five African countries, there are now some 400,000 smallholder farmers using fertilizer trees to provide critically needed soil nutrients — and many report major increases in maize yields — which shows that it is possible to rapidly introduce innovations in Africa that can have an immediate impact on food security,” said Oluyede Ajayi, Senior Scientist at the World Agroforestry Centre and the paper’s lead author.The study focuses on the rapid adoption of fertilizer trees by farmers targeted in research, training and extension programs in Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In eastern Zambia alone, the study reports the use of fertilizer trees grew from a pilot project in the early 1990s that involved only 12 farmers to adoption by 66,000 farmers as of 2006. In Malawi, there are now 145,000 farmers using fertilizer trees.–In addition, across the region, researchers have documented a doubling of maize yields on farms employing fertilizer trees compared to those that did not, which has dramatically increased both incomes and food security. In Zambia, for example, incomes for farmers using the fertilizer trees averaged from $233 to $327 per hectare, compared to only $130 for unfertilized fields. And the increased yields provided between 57 to 114 extra days of food.—“We also found that when farmers plant these trees, water efficiency improves,” Ajayi said. “Farmers are getting higher yields from the same amount of rainwater. And the trees are helping reduce the run-off and soil erosion that is a key factor behind food production shortfalls in Africa.”Fertilizer trees enhance soil health by drawing nitrogen from the air and transferring it to the soil through their roots and leaf litter, replenishing exhausted soils with rich sources of organic nutrients. Scientists at the World Agroforestry Centre have been working since the 1980s to identify indigenous tree species, such as a fast growing variety of acacia that can be planted alongside crops to improve soil fertility. Among the many burdens facing African farmers are soils that are among the most depleted in the world. Yet for two-thirds of farmers on the continent, mineral supplements are either too expensive or simply unavailable.—In recent years, the Centre’s work has focused on partnerships, particularly with national agriculture extension programs, that can help more smallholder farmers integrate fertilizer trees into their crop production systems. Ajayi said the rapid adoption of the fertilizer tree approach is partly due to the fact that researchers have turned over much of the project design and testing to farmers.–“Initially, these fertilizer tree projects were controlled mostly by researchers,” Ajayi said. “But in the final phases of development, all of the testing in the field was completely designed and fully managed by the farmers themselves.”–Ajayi also credited initiatives that focused on integrating the fertilizer tree approach with national agriculture policies and priorities.–Researchers believe wider use of fertilizer trees in Africa will require a two-track strategy that involves simultaneously engaging policy makers and farmers.–Ajayi cautioned that, while they are a natural way of supplementing the soil, fertilizer trees should not become entangled in the divisive “organic versus inorganic” debate over how to boost to increase crop yields in Africa.[U10] It is important to increase the use of both types of nutrient sources in complementary ways. For example, research has shown that coupling fertilizer trees with small doses of mineral fertilizer often results in generating the highest productivity and financial returns.–“We need to provide farmers in Africa with a wide range of soil fertility options and not focus on one type or another as being somehow superior,” he said.—Researchers also say future work should focus on the potential for fertilizer trees to improve yields of high value crops, such as coffee and cocoa.—Story Source–The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Burness Communications, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. —Journal Reference–Oluyede Clifford Ajayi, Frank Place, Festus Kehinde Akinnifesi, Gudeta Weldsesemayat Sileshi. Agricultural success from Africa: the case of fertilizer tree systems in southern Africa (Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe). International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2011; 9 (1): 129 DOI: 10.3763/ijas.2010.0554
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Controlling Water Pollution By Isolating Urine
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ScienceDaily (Mar. 8, 2007) — Although urine makes up only 1% of the total volume of wastewater, it accounts for 50–80% of the nutrient content. Nutrients have to be removed by resource-intensive processes at wastewater treatment plants.—-In the absence of these processes, nutrient discharges pose a risk of eutrophication – threatening in particular coastal waters and fish stocks. Many problematic substances, such as residues of medicines or endocrine disrupters, also enter wastewater via urine and may subsequently be released into the environment. —The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) has now shown that separate collection and treatment of urine could make significant contributions to water pollution control and nutrient recycling worldwide. The “NoMix” technology thus represents a major opportunity for urban water management.—Novaquatis tested various methods of processing urine. Ideally, treatment should permit recycling of nutrients as fertilizers and, at the same time, removal of problematic micropollutants. For example, 98% of the phosphorus in urine can be recovered by precipitation with magnesium. The product – struvite – is an attractive fertilizer, free of pharmaceuticals and hormones. In Switzerland, nutrients from human urine could serve as substitutes for at least 37% of the nitrogen and 20% of the phosphorus demand that is currently met by imported artificial fertilizers.—Story Source–The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by EAWAG – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, via AlphaGalileo.
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Human Urine As A Safe, Inexpensive Fertilizer For Food Crops
These cabbage plants were fertilized using human urine. –ScienceDaily (Oct. 8, 2007) — Researchers in Finland are reporting successful use of an unlikely fertilizer for farm fields that is inexpensive, abundantly available, and undeniably organic — human urine. Their report on use of urine to fertilize cabbage crops is scheduled for the Oct. 31 issue of ACS’ Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.—Despite the ‘yuk!’ factor, urine from healthy individuals is virtually sterile, free of bacteria or viruses. Naturally rich in nitrogen and other nutrients, urine has been used as fertilizer since ancient times. -Urine fertilization is rare today. However, it has gained attention in some areas as farmers embrace organic production methods and try to reduce use of synthetic fertilizers.–In the new study, Surendra K. Pradhan and colleagues collected human urine from private homes and used it to fertilize cabbage crops. Then they compared the urine-fertilized crops with those grown with conventional industrial fertilizer and no fertilizer.
The analysis showed that growth and biomass were slightly higher with urine than with conventional fertilizer. —There was no difference in nutritional value of the cabbage. “Our results show that human urine could be used as a fertilizer for cabbage and does not pose any significant hygienic threats or leave any distinctive flavor in food products,” the report concludes.–Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by American Chemical Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
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Sustainable Fertilizer- Urine And Wood Ash Produce Large Harvest
enlarge
Human urine and wood ash appear to make a potent, inexpensive fertilizer combination for boosting the productivity of food crops, scientists say. ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2009) — Results of the first study evaluating the use of human urine mixed with wood ash as a fertilizer for food crops has found that the combination can be substituted for costly synthetic fertilizers to produce bumper crops of tomatoes without introducing any risk of disease for consumers. —In the study, Surendra Pradhan and colleagues point out that urine, a good source of nitrogen, has been successfully used to fertilize cucumber, corn, cabbage, and other crops. Only a few studies, however, have investigated the use of wood ash, which is rich in minerals and also reduces the acidity of certain soils. Scientists have not reported on the combinaton of urine and wood ash, they say.—The new study found that plants fertilized with urine produced four times more tomatoes than nonfertilized plants and as much as plants given synthetic fertilizer. Urine plus wood ash produced almost as great a yield, with the added benefit of reducing the acidity of acid soils. “The results suggest that urine with or without wood ash can be used as a substitute for mineral fertilizer to increase the yields of tomato without posing any microbial or chemical risks,” the report says.—Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by American Chemical Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. -Journal Reference-Pradhan et al. Stored Human Urine Supplemented with Wood Ash as Fertilizer in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cultivation and Its Impacts on Fruit Yield and Quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009; 57 (16): 7612 DOI: 10.1021/jf9018917
TOP H
[U1]This is going to be a Witch Hunt–there are alot of effective mass reduction products in the HFI ( Health Food Industry) butttt this cuts into the pharma profits hugely—you have to remember vanity sells—so if you have something for vanity and can market it better then the drug industry you will get opposition—this whole thing is to undermine any competition that can arise from independent sources
[U2]This is going to be determined How exactly??
See ther EFSA ( FDA in EUROPE) has now started to define all the supplements as drugs and with a drug like procedures—and there already has been 6-10 countries opposing there criteria since in those respective countries they have the science and the facts to validate there claims butttt the EFSA has totally disregarded these facts and are now being challenged as well—this is now being introduced here in North America –Canada-USA-Mexico—this is being done because people in north america can get things in the other countries in North America–example Canada with it’s stupidity will not allow some supplements to be sold here even though alot of the times you can buy them online in the USA or Mexico–and in Mexico and Canada alot of Americans are ordering there drugs via Internet or going down and getting them due to the fact they are not as cost prohibitive—the drug companies still make ther dollars butt not as much—so it is OK for them to have free trade and bring in stuff But it is Not Ok for the Consumer to do this so now they want to tie this loophole
[U3] Again Fraud Based ON…. This is a means and and end to take away from the public what is by right the choice for health and health based products—this is going to impact globally farming—food processing—choice and access to even drugs and the criteria in them if this becomes instituted you will never see Vitamin C or it’s benefits to treat H1N! or Polio or any other disease it has been known to Cure—in fact anything that can cure a persons health issues will not be allowed in the nae of fraud—the Rockefellers instituted this element in Medicine that you cannot claim anything can heal—and so now any study oor any research in the databases that you have access to maybe become inaccessible
[U4]This Is going to force Vaccinations and policies on drugs and induction of drugs in the name of some mass Hysteria or epidemic they wish to endorse –furthering Democide and Population control measure—this may even institute how long you are even allowed to live—and will as well eliminate anybody going to an alternate country practicing an alternative that can in fact CURE your disease or Infirmary
[U5]Canada will Host??? Whyyy Canada—because we have Isolated Pockets of populations and are easier to observe a fall out and can be easier to contain as well if something should go wrong –no one would even know the people exploited will even exist
[U6]This for Those countries not yet in CETA or NAFTA—or South America free trade
[U7]This is to Keep everyone aware who is going where fro wat for treatment and to regulate further those who are doing the treating—by then there will be no Alternative you can go to it will be all under one umbrella—and any real healing will come from those who will not be easy to find
[U8]This is to reduce the Competition—This is Canada’s Bill C-6 and whatever Mexico ‘s version to this will be and the EFSA ‘s version for Europe—this is being done to eliminate any foods or nutreceuticals that have any real benefit or to turn them into a prescription
[U9]Emerging Science Issues—this is to Propagate a negative tone to something that works calling something dangerous when in fact it is beneficial—the threat to health will be from these institutions—Not the actual producers
[U10]Here we Go Monsanto ( Vatican ) getting in the way—the control factor as per usual—can’t allow these poor people to get to much eh or they will be autonomous
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TOP I
HOME
Show of the Week October 31 2011
Mercury ban may threaten vaccination programs
No ‘allowable use exemption’ in draft UN treaty
URGENT RAW MILK ACTION ALERT
MSG -a slow poison
FDA FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS–PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Digestive enzyme—and where and how they work
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Mercury ban may threaten vaccination programs
No ‘allowable use exemption’ in draft UN treaty
Mercury-containing thiomersal is used to prevent contamination and extend the shelf life of vaccines.—Scientists are warning officials negotiating a global treaty on mercury that banning the deadly chemical completely would be dangerous for public health because of the chemical’s use in vaccines.—The ban option is one of several proposals on the table for a meeting later this month in Nairobi, but a final treaty isn’t expected until 2013.—According to the World Health Organization, mercury is one of the top 10 chemicals of public health concern and is highly toxic. Most of the worry is centred on mercury emissions from burning coal, gold mining and people eating mercury-tainted fish.–‘Not being able to use mercury is not a viable option.’—David Wood, WHO—Mercury in small amounts is also found in many products including light bulbs, batteries and thermometers. WHO advises such products to be phased out, suggesting for example, that health systems switch to digital thermometers instead.–The problem is that a proposed ban might include thiomersal, a mercury compound used to prevent contamination and extend the shelf life of vaccines, many scientists say.[U1] It is used in about 300 million shots worldwide, against diseases including flu, tetanus, hepatitis B, diphtheria and meningitis.—“Not being able to use mercury is not a viable option,” said David Wood, a WHO vaccines expert.–Costs would spike—-Wood said there isn’t a viable alternative to thiomersal at the moment[U2]. If banned, pharmaceuticals would likely have to switch to preservative-free vaccines, which would complicate the supply chain and vaccination campaigns in poor countries[U3], since the injections would have a much shorter shelf life. Costs would also spike since manufacturers would need to reconfigure their factories.—In 2009, the United Nations Environment Program, or UNEP, began working on a legally binding global treaty on mercury. At the end of October, the third of five meetings to hammer out a treaty will take place in Nairobi.—-“The document is a draft at the moment, so some of these proposals have to be taken with a grain of salt,”[U4] said Tim Kasten, head of the chemicals branch at UNEP. Kasten said the amount of mercury in vaccines is so minute it doesn’t threaten the environment. He said there could be provisions to allow mercury for certain uses, such as in dental fillings and vaccines.[U5] —But according to an annex in the draft document, there is currently no “allowable use exemption” for mercury products in pharmaceutical products, putting vaccines in the same category as banned mercury-containing paints and pesticides.–“That would be a terrible idea,” said Paul Offit, an infectious diseases expert at the University of Pennsylvania. “It would be another tragic example of us not being able to explain to the public where the real risk lies.”—Mostly removed in U.S. and Canada-
Thiomersal has mostly been removed from childhood vaccines in the U.S. and Canada. In some European countries, including Norway and Sweden, manufacturers have been encouraged to make thiomersal-free vaccines — and no other uses of mercury as a medical preservative are allowed.
Fears about thiomersal in vaccines were first raised after a flawed medical study in 1998 linked a common childhood injection to autism. But numerous studies since have found no sign the mercury compound is risky.[U6]—Experts hope countries won’t go overboard in their attempts to control the substance.—“Provided you know the risks and it’s handled properly, there isn’t a problem,” said Andrew Nelson, a toxicology expert at the University of Leeds. “The health of so many millions of children benefit from vaccines containing mercury that an absolute ban is ridiculous.”[U7]
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URGENT RAW MILK ACTION ALERT
Mobilizing Against Governmental Interference WITH Property Ownership Rights and Food Freedom
BACKGROUND
On Wednesday, September 28, 2011, the Ontario government won its appeal against biodynamic farmer, Michael Schmidt. The appeal reversed the former ruling, which confirmed cow share members’ right to obtain raw milk products. Justice Peter Tetley rejected Schmidt’s argument that providing raw milk to cow share owners who are aware of any health risks was his legal right.– Schmidt has been fighting for the right to provide raw milk at his Grey County farm ever since it was raided by government officials in 1994. The recent ruling convicts Michael on 15 of 19 charges and reverses last year’s lower court decision to acquit him of all charges. This latest judicial ruling basically endorses governmental interference of property ownership rights and violates basic human rights to food freedom.[U8]— Since this ruling, Michael has embarked on a hunger strike and faces imminent danger of another raid to his farm, as do other farms that participate in Cowshare Canada.[U9]
He feels that our movement is in great danger and we must act in unison now!
Michael’s urgent message: We must mobilize our forces throughout Canada and the US with an enormous public outcry. We need to put relentless pressure on legislators in both countries national, state and local and also on health authorities through a massive letter-writing and call-in campaign. We also need to organize face-to-face meetings whenever possible. Canada desperately needs US support in these matters, so we encourage all US members to send messages to key Canadian contacts as well.
ACTION TO TAKE
It is imperative that we organize to a much higher level. We need everyone in our movement to participate. We need:
–At the very least, all members (US and Canada) should write to Dalton McGuinty, Premier of Ontario. Submit by email at https://correspondence.premier.gov.on.ca/en/feedback/feedback.aspx or send a fax to 416-325-3745
–US citizens to write letters and call local, state, and federal legislators in the U.S. and to write letters to Canadian members of the Provincial Parliament in Ontario and British Columbia listed in this alert .
–Canadian citizens to write letters to Canadian members of the Provincial Parliament in Ontario and British Columbia listed in this alert.
–All need to write letters and call your local and state health officials.
Michael is depending on us to back up his brave efforts for food freedom!
CANADIAN CONTACTS:
Dalton McGuinty, Premier
Legislative Building
Queen’s Park
Toronto ON M7A 1A1
1-800-387-5559
https://correspondence.premier.gov.on.ca/en/feedback/feedback.aspx
Fax: 416-325-3745
Tim Hudak- Leader of the Opposition
4961 King St. E Unit M1
Beamsville, ON L0R 1B0
[email protected]
905-563-1755 (or toll free at 1-800-665-3697).
Deb Matthews-Minister of Health and Long-Term Care
242 Piccadilly Street
London, ON N6A 1S4
[email protected]
519-432-7339 Fax: 519-432-0613
Andrea Horwath – Leader of the New Democratic Party-
Hamilton Centre
Constituency
Suite 200
20 Hughson Street South
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 2A1
[email protected]
905-544-9644 Fax: 905-544-5152
Randy Hillier
Lanark–Frontenac–Lennox and Addington
Constituency
Unit 1
105 Dufferin Street
Perth, Ontario K7H 3A5
[email protected]
613-267-8239 Fax: 613-267-7398
Jack MacLaren
2 Beaverbrook Mall Unit 102,
Kanata, ON K2K 1L2
[email protected]
877-780-5225
Greg Sorbara
Liberal MPP in Ontario
Constituency Office
140 Woodbridge Avenue, Unit AU8 – Market Lane
Woodbridge, ON L4L 4K9
905-851-0440 Fax: 905-851-0210
[email protected]
Queen’s Park Office
Room 186, Main Legislative Building
Toronto, ON M7A 1A4
416-212-1022 Fax: 416-212-1025
Larry Miller
Federal Conservative MP for Grey
Chair of Standing Committee on Agriculture in Ottawa
1131 2nd Avenue East, Suite 208
Owen Sound, ON N4K 2J1
519-371-1059 Fax: 519-371-1752
[email protected]
or
Room 510, Justice Building
Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6
613-996-5191 Fax: 613-952-0979
[email protected]
U.S. CONTACTS
State and Federal Elected Officials: http://www.usa.gov/Contact/Elected.shtml
State Health and Agriculture Departments: Google your state and “Health Department”
SAMPLE LETTER
An Urgent Appeal for Justice
Dear ___________,
Today, governments are pouring enormous resources into interfering with people’s rights to their own property and to obtain the food they need for their well-being. Governments that are truly concerned with justice are supposed to protect citizens’ rights, not violate them. We urgently demand an open, in-depth dialogue with government and health officials about these violations of food freedom and property ownership.
Increasing numbers of people consider it crucial to their health to obtain high-quality foods directly from organic, sustainable farms. These foods often include raw dairy products, meat and eggs from free-ranging, grass-fed animalsfoods of very dense nutrient value that cannot be found in grocery stores.
In states and provinces where the law bans the sale of raw milk, people enter into contracts to co-own a cow and board the animal with a farmer. As owners of the cow, they are also the owners of the milk the cow produces, and are legally entitled to drink it because no sale of milk is involved. These arrangements are called “cowshares.”
The most allergenic food in North America is pasteurized milk, so it is not an option for many families. Raw milk is not allergenic and actually cures asthma and allergies (huge international studies show this to be true). That is why we must be free to have that choice. That is why our lack of food freedom creates illness and pushes us all into food slavery.
These basic principles of justice must prevail:
–Food freedom is an inalienable constitutional right
–Rights to one’s own property is a legally binding principle
–Cowshares are a legal binding contract of property ownership
–Access to foods from small farms is essential to the health and well-being of families who choose these foods
–Small sustainable farms are essential to the health of agriculture world-wide
–Governmental interference of property ownership rights along with violations to basic human rights of food freedom must end
–Government and health authorities must abstain from the infringement of rights and violence against cowshare programs.
Sincerely,
This Action Alert may be found on our website at:
http://www.westonaprice.org/2011-action-alerts/urgent-raw-milk-action-alert-mobilizing-against-government-interference
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MSG -a slow poison-
The food additive MSG (Mono-Sodium Glutamate) is a slow poison. MSG hides behind 25 or more names, such as “Natural Flavoring.” MSG is even in your favorite coffee from Tim Horton’s and Starbucks coffee shops!
I wondered if there could be an actual chemical causing the massive obesity epidemic, and so did a friend of mine, John Erb. He was a research assistant at the University of Waterloo in Ontario , Canada , and spent years working for the government. He made an amazing discovery while going through scientific journals for a book he was writing called The Slow Poisoning of America . -In hundreds of studies around the world, scientists were creating obese mice and rats to use in diet or diabetes test studies. No strain of rat or mice is naturally obese, so scientists have to create them. They make these creatures morbidly obese by injecting them with MSG when they are first born. -The MSG triples the amount of insulin the pancreas creates, causing rats (More then Likely )to become obese. They even have a name for the fat rodents they create: “MSG-Treated Rats.”—-When I heard this, I was shocked. I went into my kitchen and checked the cup-boards and the refrigerator. MSG was in everything — the Campbell’s soups, the Hostess Doritos, the Lays flavored potato chips, Top Ramen,Betty Crocker Hamburger Helper, Heinz canned gravy, Swanson frozen prepared meals, and Kraft salad dressings, especially the “healthy low-fat” ones.—The items that didn’t have MSG marked on the product label had something called “Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein,” which is just another name for Monosodium Glutamate.—[U10]It was shocking to see just how many of the foods we feed our children everyday are filled with this stuff. MSG is hidden under many different names in order to fool those who read the ingredient list, so that they don’t catch on. (Other names for MSG are “Accent, “Aginomoto,” “Natural Meat Tenderizer,” etc.)—When our family went out to eat, we started asking at the restaurants what menu items contained MSG. Many employees, even the managers, swore they didn’t use MSG. But when we ask for the ingredient list, which they grudgingly provided, sure enough, MSG and Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein were everywhere.—Burger King, McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Taco Bell, every restaurant – even the sit-down eateries like TGIF, Chili’s, Applebee’s, and Denny’s – use MSG in abundance. Kentucky Fried Chicken seemed to be the WORST offender: MSG was in every chicken dish, salad dressing. and gravy. No wonder I loved to eat that coating on the skin – their secret spice was MSG!
So why is MSG in so many of the foods we eat? As a preservative, or a vitamin?
Even the propaganda website sponsored by the food manufacturers lobby group supporting MSG explains that the reason they add it to food is to make people eat more.—-A study of the elderly showed that older people eat more of the foods that it is added to. The Glutamate Association lobbying group says eating more is a benefit to the elderly, but what does it do to the rest of us?— MSG manufacturers themselves admit that it addicts people to their products… It makes people choose their product over others, and makes people eat more of it than they would if MSG wasn’t added. Not only is MSG scientifically proven to cause obesity, it is an addictive substance. Since its introduction into the American food supply fifty years ago, MSG has been added in larger and larger doses to the -pre-packaged meals, soups, snacks, and fast foods we are tempted to eat everyday.—The FDA has set no limits on how much of it can be added to food. They claim it’s safe to eat in any amount. But how can they claim it’s safe when there are hundreds of scientific studies with titles like these—“The monosodium glutamate (MSG) obese rat as a model for the study of exercise in obesity.” Gobatto CA, Mello MA, Souza CT , Ribeiro IA. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2002.—-“Adrenalectomy abolishes the food-induced hypothalamic serotonin release in both normal and monosodium glutamate-obese rats.” Guimaraes RB, Telles MM, Coelho VB, Mori C, Nascimento CM, Ribeiro. Brain Res Bull. 2002 Aug.–‘Obesity induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats: An animal model of multiple risk factors.” Iwase M, Yamamoto M, Iino K, Ichikawa K, Shinohara N, Yoshinari Fujishima.-AHypertens Res. 1998 Mar.—“Hypothalamic lesion induced by injection of monosodium glutamate in suckling period and subsequent development of obesity.” Tanaka K, Shimada M, Nakao K Kusunoki. Exp Neurol. 1978 Oct.–No, the date of that last study was not a typo; it was published in 1978. Both the “medical research community” and “food manufacturers” have known about the side effects of MSG for decades.[U11] Many more of the studies mentioned in John Erb’s book link MSG to diabetes, migraines and headaches, autism, ADHD, and even Alzheimer’s.—So what can we do to stop the food manufactures from dumping this fattening and addictive MSG into our food supply and causing the obesity epidemic we now see?—Several months ago, John Erb took his book and his concerns to one of the highest government health officials in Canada . While he was sitting in the government office, the official told him, “Sure, I know how bad MSG is. -I wouldn’t touch the stuff..” But this top-level government official refuses to tell the public what he knows.—The big media doesn’t want to tell the public either, fearing issues with their advertisers. It seems that the fallout on the fast food industry may hurt their profit margin. The food producers and restaurants have been addicting us to their products for years, and now we are paying the price for it. Our children should not be cursed with obesity caused by an addictive food additive.—Blowing the whistle on MSG is our responsibility, so get the word out.
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Government, industry, academic studies and classifications
government/industry list/academic study appears on list as
classification(s)
FDA FOOD ADDITIVE STATUS–PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• miscellaneous
• Substances generally recognized as safe in foods but limited in standardized foods where the standard provides for its use – CFR184.1666
• refers to part number under Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations 169 (169.175; 169.176; 169.177; 169.178; 169.180; 169.181)
• Vanilla Extract
• Carrier for enzyme modified soy protein
• refers to part number under Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations 582.1666 – In animal feeds
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
•Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications
•Determined safe for use in cosmetics up to a specified concentration limit
•Penetration enhancer – alters skin structure, allows other chemicals to penetrate deeper into the skin
•Safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) is based on safety or product use data for a different, related ingredient
FDA Everything Added to Food PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought.
National Library of Medicine HazMap
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
•Skin Sensitizer – An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin or lungs: Yes;
•Lacrimator – A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears: Yes;
NTP – Risks to Human Reproduction
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
REPRO: Negligible concern || DEVELOPMENT: Negligible concern
CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), 2006
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Propylene glycol was found to provoke allergic reactions in patients with eczema and other skin allergies.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• Respiratory Toxicity Hazards: suspected
RTECS®- “Cutaneous Toxicity, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference, 1976,” Drill, V 1977
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• skin – Primary skin irritant ( human )
RTECS®- “Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky,” Marhold, J 1986
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• sense organ – Primary eye irritant (rabbit )
RTECS®- “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• brain and nervous system – Ataxia (rat LD50)
• respiratory – Respiratory depression (rat LD50)
• brain and nervous system – Tetany (rat LD50)
RTECS®- “Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia” 1984
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• brain and nervous system – Ataxia (rabbit LDLo)
• respiratory – Respiratory depression (rabbit LDLo)
• brain and nervous system – Tetany (rabbit LDLo)
RTECS®- Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, Section A, Supplement 1981
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (mouse scu)
• mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: DNA Inhibition (mouse scu)
RTECS®- Arzneimittel-Forschung 1976
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50)
RTECS®- FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 1974
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50)
RTECS®- Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1947
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• kidney or renal system – Changes in both tubules and glomeruli (mouse LD50)
• blood – Changes in spleen (mouse LD50)
• respiratory – Chronic pulmonary edema (mouse LD50)
RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1982
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• sense organ – Primary eye irritant (rabbit )
RTECS®- Food and Chemical Toxicology 1984
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• mutagenic – Positive mutation assay: Cytogenetic Analysis (hamster fbr)
RTECS®- Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974 17JUN1974
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50)
RTECS®- Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 1941
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (guinea pig LD50)
RTECS®- Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1970
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• skin – Primary skin irritant ( human )
RTECS®- Journal of Pediatrics 1978
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• brain and nervous system – General anesthetic (child TDLo)
• brain and nervous system – Changes in surface EEG (child TDLo)
• brain and nervous system – Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold (child TDLo)
RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1932
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• brain and nervous system – Coma (rabbit LDLo)
• respiratory – Respiratory stimulation (rabbit LDLo)
• brain and nervous system – Somnolence (general depressed activity) (rabbit LDLo)
RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1937
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• cardiovascular – Other changes (chicken LDLo)
RTECS®- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1939
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (mouse LD50)
RTECS®- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2000
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• skin – Primary skin irritant (child )
RTECS®- Kaibogaku Zasshi 1962
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• reproductive – Fetotoxicity (mouse TDLo)
• reproductive – Post-implantation mortality (mouse TDLo)
RTECS®- Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• brain and nervous system – Changes in motor activity (specific assay) (mouse LD50)
• respiratory – Cyanosis (mouse LD50)
• brain and nervous system – Muscle contraction or spasticity (mouse LD50)
RTECS®- Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina 1981
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50)
RTECS®- National Technical Information Service
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50)
RTECS®- Pediatrics 1983
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• metabolic – Other changes (infant TDLo)
RTECS®- Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol 1974
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rabbit LD50)
RTECS®- Toxic Substance Mechanisms 1995
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• endocrine system – Hyperglycemia (rat TDLo)
• biochemical – Phosphatases (rat TDLo)
• biochemical – Transaminases (rat TDLo)
RTECS®- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1978
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
• broad systemic – Broad systemic toxicity (rat LD50)
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Digestive enzyme—and where and how they work
Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tract of animals (including humans) where they aid in the digestion of food as well as inside the cells, especially in their lysosomes where they function to maintain cellular survival. Digestive enzymes are diverse and are found in the saliva secreted by the salivary glands,hydrul in the stomach secreted by cells lining the stomach, in the pancreatic juice secreted by pancreatic exocrine cells, and in the intestinal (small and large) secretions, or as part of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Digestive enzymes are classified based on their target substrates:
proteases and peptidases split proteins into their monomers, the amino acids.
lipases split fat in three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.
carbohydrases split carbohydrates such as starch and sugars into simple sugars such as glucose, the simplest sugar on earth.
nucleases split nucleic acids into nucleotides.
In the human digestive system, the main sites of digestion are the oral cavity, the stomach, and the small intestine. Digestive enzymes are secreted by different exocrine glands including:
Salivary glands
Secretory cells in the stomach.
Secretory cells in the pancreas.
Secretory glands in the small intestine.Contents [hide]
1 Oral cavity
2 Stomach
3 Pancreas
4 Small Intestine
5 Large Intestine (Colon)
6 References
Oral cavity
Complex food substances that are taken by animals and humans must be broken down into simple, soluble, and diffusible substances before they can be absorbed. In the oral cavity, salivary glands secrete an array of enzymes and substances that aid in digestion and also disinfection. They include the following:[1] Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3): The major role of bicarbonate is to neutralize acidity mainly in an attempt to preserve the dentin and tooth enamel and also to neutralize bacterial toxins. Bicarbonate also prevents acid damage to the esophageal lining before food enters the stomach. lingual lipase: Lipid digestion initiates in the mouth. Lingual lipase starts the digestion of the lipids/fats. amylase: Carbohydrate digestion also initiates in the mouth. Amylase produced by the salivary glands breaks complex carbohydrates to smaller chains, or even simple sugars. It is sometimes referred to as ptyalin. Mucin: Mucin functions to make food more pliable and also covers it facilitating its transfer in the esophagus to the stomach, by lubricating the content. lysozyme: Considering that food contains more than just the essential nutrients and bacteria or viruses, the lysozome offers a limited and non-specific, yet beneficial antiseptic function in digestion. IgA: This is a dimeric form of antibodies produced by the body. Gastrointestinal tract produces only IgA mainly to battle bacterial toxins, and also to tag certain recognizable molecular patterns in viruses and bacteria. IgA-coated pathogens are digested by white cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Haptocorrin (also known as R-factor): Helps with the absorption of Vitamin B12. After Vitamin B12 is released from its original carrier protein in the stomach, it gets bound to Haptocorrin. Haptocorrin protects it from acidic conditions of the stomach but is cleaved in the duodenum by pancreatic proteases. Vitamin B12 can then bind to intrinsic factor (IF) that has been produced by parietal cells. Finally, the IF-Vitamin B12 complex is taken up by in ileum via the cubam receptor.——-Of note is the diversity of the salivary glands. There are two types of salivary glands: serous glands: These glands produce a secretion rich in water, electrolytes, and enzymes. A great example of a serous oralpolio gland is the parotid gland. Mixed glands: These glands have both serous cells and mucous cells, and include sublingual and submandibular glands. Their secretion is mucinous and high in viscosity.——In addition, all salivary secretions are hypotonic with respect to the plasma concentration. This is because the duct cells of salivary cells are impermeable to water, yet there is a continuous abstraction of electrolytes such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K) from the initially secreted juice, causing it to be very dilute (hypotonic) by the time it is released into the mouth.
Stomach
The enzymes that are secreted in the stomach are called gastric enzymes. The stomach plays a major role in digestion, both in a mechanical sense by mixing and crushing the food, and also in an enzymatic sense, by digesting it. The following are the enzymes produced by the stomach and their respective function:–Pepsinogen is the main gastric enzyme. It is produced by the stomach cells called “chief cells” in its inactive form pepsinogen, which is a zymogen. Pepsinogen is then activated by the stomach acid into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin breaks down the protein in the food into smaller particles, such as peptide fragments and amino acids. Protein digestion, therefore, first starts in the stomach, unlike carbohydrate and lipids, which start their digestion in the mouth.-Hydrochloric acid (HCl): This is in essence positively charged hydrogen atoms (H), or in lay-terms stomach acid, and is produced by the cells of the stomach called parietal cells. HCl mainly functions to denature the proteins ingested, to destroy any bacteria or virus that remains in the food, and also to activate pepsinogen into pepsin. Intrinsic factor (IF): Intrinsic factor is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. Vitamin B12 (Vit. B12) is an important vitamin that requires assistance for absorption in terminal ileum. Initially in the saliva, haptocorrin secreted by salivary glands binds Vit. B, creating a Vit B12-Haptocorrin complex. The purpose of this complex is to protect Vitamin B12 from hydrochoric acid produced in the stomach. Once the stomach content exits the stomach into the duodenum, haptocorrin is cleaved with pancreatic enzymes, releasing the intact vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor (IF) produced by the parietal cells then binds Vitamin B12, creating a Vit. B12-IF complex. This complex is then absorbed at the terminal portion of the ileum. Mucin: The stomach has a priority to destroy the bacteria and viruses using its highly acidic environment but also has a duty to protect its own lining from its acid. The way that the stomach achieves this is by secreting mucin and bicarbonate via its mucous cells, and also by having a rapid cell turn-over. Gastrin: This is an important hormone produced by the “G cells” of the stomach. G cells produce gastrin in response to stomach stretching occurring after food enters it, and also after stomach exposure to protein. Gastrin is an endocrine hormone and therefore enters the bloodstream and eventually returns to the stomach where it stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Intrinsic factor (IF).——Of note is the division of function between the cells covering the stomach. There are four types of cells in the stomach: Parietal cells: Produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Gastric chief cells: Produce pepsinogen. Chief cells are mainly found in the body of stomach, which is the middle or superior anatomic portion of the stomach. Goblet cells: Produce mucin and bicarbonate to create a “neutral zone” to protect the stomach lining from the acid or irritants in the stomach chyme. G cells: Produce the hormone gastrin in response to distention of the stomach mucosa or protein, and stimulate parietal cells production of their secretion. G cells are located in the antrum of the stomach, which is the most inferior region of the stomach. —-Secretion by the previous cells is controlled by the enteric nervous system. Distention in the stomach or innervation by the vagus nerve (via the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system) activates the ENS, in turn leading to the release of acetylcholine. Once present, acetylcholine activates G cells and parietal cells.
Pancreas
Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, in that it functions to produce endocrinic hormones released into the circulatory system (such as insulin, and glucagon), to control glucose metabolism, and also to secrete digestive/exocrinic pancreatic juice, which is secreted eventually via the pancreatic duct into duodenum. Digestive or exocrine function of pancreas is as significant to the maintenance of health as its endocrine function.
Two population of cells in the pancreatic parenchyma make up its digestive enzymes: Ductal cells: Mainly responsible for production of bicarbonate (HCO3), which acts to neutralize the acidity of the stomach chyme entering duodenum through the pylorus. Ductal cells of the pancreas are stimulated by the hormone secretin to produce their bicarbonate-rich secretions, in what is in essence a bio-feedback mechanism; highly acidic stomach chyme entering the duodenum stimulates duodenal cells called “S cells” to prouduce the hormone secretin and release it to the bloodstream. Secretin having entered the blood eventually comes into contact with the pancreatic ductal cells, stimulating them to produce their bicarbonate-rich juice. It is interesting to note that secretin also inhibits production of gastrin by “G cells”, and also stimulates acinar cells of the pancreas to produce their pancreatic enzyme. Acinar cells: Mainly responsible for production of the inactivate pancreatic enzymes (zymogens) that, once present in the small bowel, become activated and perform their major digestive functions by breaking down proteins, fat, and DNA/RNA. Acinar cells are stimulated by cholecystokinin(CCK), which is a hormone/neurotransmitter produced by the duodenal cells called the “I cells.” CCK stimulates production of the pancreatic zymogens.——–Pancreatic juice, composed of the secretions of both ductal and acinar cells, is made up of the following digestive enzymes:[2]
Trypsinogen, which is an inactive(zymogenic) protease that, once activated in the duodenum, into trypsin, breaks down proteins at the basic amino acids. Trypsinogen is activated via the duodenal enzyme enterokinase into its active form trypsin. Chymotrypsinogen, which is a inactive(zymogenic) protease that, once activated by duodenal enterokinase, breaks down proteins at their aromatic amino acids. Chymotrypsiongen can also be activated by trypsin.
Carboxypeptidase, which is a protease that takes off the terminal amino acid group from a protein Several elastases that degrade the protein elastin and some other proteins. Pancreatic lipase that degrades triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
Cholesterol esterase
Phospholipase
Several nucleases that degrade nucleic acids, like DNAase and RNAase
Pancreatic amylase that breaks down, besides starch and glycogen, most other carbohydrates. Humans lack the enzyme to digest the carbohydrate cellulose, mainly due to its special hydrogen-bonding structure.—Pancreas’s exocrine function owes part of its immaculate function to bio-feedback mechanisms controlling secretion of its juice. The following significant pancreatic bio-feedback mechanisms are essential to the maintenance of pancreatic juice balance/production:[3]—Secretin, a hormone produced by the duodenal “S cells” in response to the stomach chyme containing high hydrogen atom concentration (high acidicity), is released into the blood stream; upon return to the digestive tract, secretion decreases gastric emptying, increases secretion of the pancreatic ductal cells, as well as stimulating pancreatic acinar cells to release their zymogenic juice.——-Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a unique peptide released by the duodenal “I cells” in response to chyme containing high fat or protein content. Unlike secretin, which is an endocrine hormone, CCK actually works via stimulation of a neuronal circuit, the end-result of which is stimulation of the acinar cells to release their content. CCK also increases gallbladder contraction, resulting in bile squeezed into the cystic duct, common bile duct and eventually the duodenum. Bile of course helps absorption of the fat by emulsifying it, increasing its absorptive surface. Bile is made by the liver, but is stored in the gallbladder. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is produced by the mucosal duodenal cells in response to chyme containing high amounts of carbohydrate, proteins, and fatty acids. Main function of GIP is to decrease gastric emptying. Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the mucosal cells of the duodenum and also the “delta cells” of the pancreas. Somatostatin has a major inhibitory effect, including on pancreatic juice production.
Small Intestine
The small intestine is traditionally divided into three anatomic sections defined from their distance from the pyloric sphincter: duodenum: It is the first portion of the small bowel that is itself divided into four distinct anatomic positions called first, second, third, and fourth sections of duodenum. Duodenum is the only portion of the small bowel that is partially retroperitoneal, and peritoneal. Duodenum is a secretary portion of the small intestine. jejunum: This is the section of the small intestine that begins immediately from the insertion point of the ligament of Treitz, and is the longest of the three sections. Jejunum is an absorptive surface. ileum This is the terminal portion of the small intestine and as such has a limited but vital role in absorption. Vitamin B12 and bile are absorbed at this portion. —The following enzymes/hormones are produced in the duodenum: secretin: This is an endocrine hormone produced by the duodenal “S cells” in response to the acidity of the gastric chyme. Cholecystokinin (CCK): This is not by definition a hormone; there is new evidence suggesting that CCK works by a very complex neuronal bi-directional pathway.[4] Regardless of its pathway, its eventual role is to increase secretion of acinar cells and increased production of pancreatic juice. CCK also increases gallbladder contraction, causing release of pre-stored bile into the cystic duct, and eventually into the common bile duct and via the ampulla of Vater into the second anatomic position of the duodenum. CCK also decreases the tone of the sphincter of Oddi, which is the sphincter that regulates flow through the ampula of Vater. CCK also decreases gastric activity and decreases gastric emptying, thereby giving more time to the pancreatic juices to neutralize the acidity of the gastric chyme. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP): This peptide decreases gastric motility and is produced by duodenal mucosal cells. motilin: This substance increases gastro-intestinal motility via specialized receptors called “motilin receptors.” somatostatin: This hormone is produced by duodenal mucosa and also by the delta cells of the pancreas. Its main function is to inhibit a variety of secretory mechanisms.———-Throughout the lining of the small intestine there are numerous “brush border” enzymes whose function is to further cleave the already-broken-down products of digestion into absorbable particles. Some of these enzymes include:
Sucrase
Lactase: This is a significant brush border enzyme in that a majority of Middle Eastern and Asian population lack this enzyme and also this enzyme decreases with age, and as such lactose intolerance is often a common abdominal complaint in the Middleastern, Asian, and older population, manifesting with bloating, abdominal pain, and osmotic diarrhea.
Maltase
Other disaccharidases
Large Intestine (Colon)
The colon is the main reservoir for feces (mainly in rectum) before its defecation. It is also where the liquid stool becomes solid, by losing its water, and electrolytes. The colon also actively secretes bicarbonate and potassium, which explains why severe diarrhea can cause metabolic acidosis as well as hypokalemia.[5] The colon also houses symbiotic bacteria that produce vitamin by-products and are essential to the human health and homeostasis.
References
^ Brown, Thomas A. “Rapid Review Physiology.” Mosby Elsevier, 1st Ed. p. 235
^ Bowen, R. [1] “Exocrine Secretion of the Pancreas”
^ Brown, Thomas A. “Rapid Review Physiology.” Mosby Elsevier, 1st Ed. p. 244
^ Morino P, Mascagni F, McDonald A, Hökfelt T.[2]. “Cholecystokinin corticostriatal pathway in the rat: evidence for bilateral origin from medial prefrontal cortical areas.” Neuroscience 1994. Apr;59(4):939-52. PUBMED ID:7520138
^ Brown, Thomas A. “Rapid Review Physiology.” Mosby Elsevier. 1st Ed. p. 254
TOP I
[U1]Now is really going to complain here—OH wait the Bill gates—genocidal maniacs might now they have no means of inflicting a painful infection—look out for aluminum though this maybe a slight of hand!!!
[U2]Actually there is—avoid all Vaccines and we will not need to infect people with mercury—seems logical to me
[U3]You Mean Slow down the Genociding of a culture—or maiming a civilization—or turning people into a welfare state depending on the IMF and any other UN institution
[U4]In other words no one is really listening—money is going to be lost and there is nothing going to replace those lost revenues—so it is non existent
[U5]HAHAHAHHA
Now you have to laugh at the irony here—special exemptions to aloow one of the most poisonous metals near a human being is going to be inserted orally or through injection—Ummmm did we miss something here —the beginning of the article states it is toxic and health and so on and now we are going to make exemtions—Does anyone else smell phara Corp here?
[U6]The Flaw here is this—if it were true why is the UN even proposing the BAN—if it were really that safe why are the medical people who see this and are screaming for change are losing there right to practice?? And why would you have something as poisoinious as this near anyone!! What is flawed here is the stupidity!!!
[U7]This should really be interpreted as the toxic effects from vaccines and the diseases they cause should ban mercury in any vaccine anything other wise would be ridiculous!!!
[U8]Welcome to Bill C – 6—this is what are Blood PM did to us as Canadians he would not allow the bill to be read and challenged in parliament because of the opposition they were getting from people all over —so they passed this legislation which allows every citizen in Canada to be raped and violated by the gov’t legally—this is in that bill—Canada a Democracy?? Not a chance—when we pass these kinds of laws which diminish personal choice and rights then what we have is nothing more then pure slavery—-Welcome to Canada EH!!!??
[U9]Here you go Bill C- 6 this is for all of the Canadians who thought “ Not Canada” this is just the beginning—the Vote you think you have is non existent—if they can violate another farmer like they did Percy Schemeiser and get away with it then awe as a country are D-O-N-E!!!
[U10]Also SOY since this is where they get the MSG from and this is why there are so many epileptic or brain damagd people in asia due to the SOY!!
[U11]SO when someone tells you soy is safe remember this is where MSG comes for or Corn and a good chance it is GMO